Medical Models

$699.95

LFA #5000 Angiogram Sam Anatomical Training Model, Cyroacrylic *

This is one of several anatomically correct, three-dimensional "Angiogram Sam" Family Cardiovascular models currently available from Lake Forest Anatomicals for Medicine, Research and Education. Life-size reproduction in durable clear plastic with smooth, hollow passageways to allow the tracking and deployment of transluminal cardiovascular catheters, stents, and guidewires. Four-chambered heart mounted to aortic valve for pigtail and stenosis procedures. Arterial system with left and right coronaries, ascending and descending aorta, left and right sub-clavians, commor carotids and bilateral iliacs with femoral ports. Anatomically correct bifurcations ans curvture. X-ray imageable.

Advanced Cyro-acrylic compostite. Plexiglas base allows for supinf, RAO and LAO positional. See our other A/S Family models. Ideal for use in Cardiac Catheterization, Angiography and Interventional Radiology technical training.

PLEASE NOTE: A protective carrying case similar to the hard case shown is not included. Image shown for example only. We recommend that a suitable case be procured locally. 

This model is:

"ANGIOGRAM SAM" - Clear plastic (cryo-acrylic) Angioplasty Training Model- LFA #5000. Complete with Stand for protective display or positioning.

All "ANGIOGRAM SAM" Family members represent the realistic cardiovascular anatomy of a healthy 5 ft 8 in adult male of 180 lb. The dimensions were computed after cadaver studies of over 100 specimens and angiographic data of over 1,000 patients. The I.D. of the aorta and coronaries represent healthy intima.

Designed for use in Cardiac Research, Cardiac Catheterization or EP Cath Lab Training, Clinical Education or Demonstration Models for Medical Device sales/marketing teams. Quantity discounts available.

We also offer custom design Glass models of the cardio-vascular system for medical or industrial research and education including precise replicas of the cranial arteries, coronary arteries (with or without constrictions), carotids, aneurysms, etc. for use in stent and intra-cardiac pressure studies.

Our unique in-stock Catheterization and Laboratory Models available in clear plastic include the entire "Angiogram Sam Family" -"Angiogram Sam", LFA #5000, "Angiogram Sam Plus", LFA #5001, "Carotid Charlie", LFA #5002", Pacemaker Pete", LFA #5005, "Venous Sam", LFA #5010, Femoral Fred", LFA #5015 and the unique bilateral Venous-Arterial "Super Sam", LFA #5020. Also, in Glass, the unique "Angiogram Sam- Pediatric", LFA #5017G. We also have unique IM CABG graft models available.

"All high quality Angiogram Sam" models are intended for education or to improve angioplasty related techniques including guiding catheters, guide wires, or balloon catheters. It also provides an unparalleled visual image and understanding for angiography or related invasive interventional procedures.

+

$98.65

The Colon with Cancer Lesion LFA# 3340: Cut-away view model with the following common pathologies: adhesions, appendicitis, bacterial infection, cancer, Crohn's disease, diverticulitis, diverticulosis, polyps, spastic colon, and ulcerative colitis. Model size: 6" x 2-1/2" x 7-3/4" Educational Card size: 6-1/4" x 8-1/4"

Ideal for clinical display and consumer education

Suitable for Gastro-enterology, oncology, general anatomical study, training for surgical dissection, sports medicine, or for patient education and demonstration of procedures. Quantity discounts available. Brand new. In original factory packaging. Made of a durable, plastic material accurately designed and colored to represent the major structures and, in certain instances, lesions or other abnormalities as described above. Includes sturdy and attractive display stand and detailed instructional card.

+

$86.15

The Basic Knee (Unmuscled) LFA #1000: Full size normal right Knee includes: femur, fibula, patella and tibia bones; lateral and medial meniscus. With Educational Card.

Ideal for clinical display and consumer education

Suitable for Orthopaedics, Chiropractic Medicine, general anatomical study, podiatry, training for surgical dissection, sports medicine, or for patient education/demonstration of procedures. Quantity discount available. Brand new. In original factory packaging. Made of a durable, plastic material accurately designed and colored to represent the major structures and, in certain instances, lesions or other abnormalities as described above. Includes sturdy and attractive display stand and detailed instructional card.

We also offer the premium line of fully functional SSM branded orthopedic bone/joint models including Functional Knee, Shoulder, Hip, Hand/Wrist, Elbow, and Foot/Ankle. Most with full range of joint motion and detachable ligaments.

+

$105.45

The Human Lung- LFA #3100: Full size normal cut-away of right side of Lung shows bronchus, arteries, vein, two lymph nodes, bronchial passages and trachea bifurcation. Model size: 4-1/4" x 5-1/2" x 8-1/4". Educational Card.

Brand new. In original factory packaging. Made of a durable, plastic material accurately designed and colored to represent the major structures and, in certain instances, lesions or other abnormalities as described above. Includes sturdy and attractive display stand and detailed instructional card. .

Ideal for clinical display and consumer education

We also have available the Lung, Human Artery Model, Complete Hypertension Set System, the exclusive Angiogram Sam and Venous Sam for Cardiac Catheterization Training, and other central and peripheral cardiovascular models.

+

$95.50

LFA #2800 Eye, Cataracts Set of 5 Interchangeable LensesThe Cataract Eye: Set of 5 Interchangeable Lenses. This normal oversized Eye model includes interchangeable lenses that show various types of cataract conditions including: subcapsular, capsular, mature, cortical and nuclear. The Education card highlights the visual effect of cataracts on vision. Model size: 5" x 3" x 4" with Education Card.

Ideal for clinical display and consumer education

Ideal for Ophthalmology, optometry, general medicine, anatomical study, training for surgical dissection, clinics, classrooms, and for patient education/demonstration of procedures. Quantity discounts available.We also have the Normal Eye model, LFA #2750 and Cornea Eye- with Set of four interchangeable corneas, LFA #2780. Brand new. In original factory packaging. Made of a durable, plastic material accurately designed and colored to represent the major structures and, in certain instances, lesions or other abnormalities as described above. Includes sturdy and attractive display stand and detailed instructional card

+

$749.00

LFA #5110 Angiogram Sam IM CABG X3 Graft Anatomical Training Model, Cyroacrylic'. With 3 Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts.

This is one of several anatomically correct, three-dimensional "Angiogram Sam" Family Cardiovascular models currently available from Lake Forest Anatomicals for Medicine, Research and Education. Life-size reproduction in durable clear plastic with smooth, hollow passageways to allow the tracking and deployment of transluminal cardiovascular catheters, stents, and guidewires. Four-chambered heart mounted to aortic valve for pigtail and stenosis procedures. Arterial system with left and right coronaries, ascending and descending aorta, left and right sub-clavians, commor carotids and bilateral iliacs with femoral ports. Anatomically correct bifurcations ans curvture. X-ray imageable. Advanced Cyro-acrylic compostite. Plexiglas base allows for supinf, RAO and LAO positional. See our other A/S Family models. Ideal for use in Cardiac Catheterization, Angiography and Interventional Radiology technical training.

Complete with Stand for protective display or positioning.

All "ANGIOGRAM SAM" Family members represent the realistic cardiovascular anatomy of a healthy 5 ft 8 in adult male of 180 lb. The dimensions were computed after cadaver studies of over 100 specimens and angiographic data of over 1,000 patients. The I.D. of the aorta and coronaries represent healthy intima.

Designed for use in Cardiac Research, Cardiac Catheterization or EP Cath Lab Training, Clinical Education or Demonstration Models for Medical Device sales/marketing teams. Quantity discounts available.

We also offer custom design Glass models of the cardio-vascular system for medical or industrial research and education including precise replicas of the cranial arteries, coronary arteries (with or without constrictions), carotids, aneurysms, etc. for use in stent and intra-cardiac pressure studies.

Our unique in-stock Catheterization and Laboratory Models available in clear plastic include the entire "Angiogram Sam Family" -"Angiogram Sam", LFA #5000, "Angiogram Sam Plus", LFA #5001, "Carotid Charlie", LFA #5002", Pacemaker Pete", LFA #5005, "Venous Sam", LFA #5010, Femoral Fred", LFA #5015 and the unique bilateral Venous-Arterial "Super Sam", LFA #5020. Also, in Glass, the unique "Angiogram Sam- Pediatric", LFA #5017G. We also have unique IM CABG graft models available.

"All high quality Angiogram Sam" models are intended for education or to improve angioplasty related techniques including guiding catheters, guide wires, or balloon catheters. It also provides an unparalleled visual image and understanding for angiography or related invasive interventional procedures.

+

$83.00

Sensory/Motor 1/2 Brain

Normal Right Half Brain features: Frontal, Parietal, Occipital and Temporal lobes; Cerebellum; Interthalmic adhesion; Corpus callosum; Pons; Midbrain-central peduncle; Olfactory bulb; Optic nerve; Optic chiasm; Mammillary body; Medulla oblongata.

Model size: 6-1/2" x 5" x 2-1/2"

Educational Card size: 6-1/2" x 5-1/4"

.

Ideal for clinical display and consumer education

Suitable for neurology, general anatomical study, training for surgical dissection, sports medicine, or for patient education/demonstration of procedures.

Quantity discounts available.

Brand new. In original factory packaging. Made of a durable, plastic material accurately designed and colored to represent the major structures and, in certain instances, lesions or other abnormalities as described above. Includes sturdy and attractive display stand and detailed instructional card.

+

$76.80

The Human Ear LFA #2250: Full size normal model shows semi-circular canals and cochlea of the inner ear, auditory ossicles from the middle ear, tympanic membrane and temporal and tympani muscles.

Ideal for clinical display and consumer education

Model size: 3-3/4 x 2-1/2 x 2-3/4 Educational Card.

Suitable for otolaryngology, auditory or hearing science, general anatomical study, training for surgical dissection, science and medical education, or for patient education/demonstration of procedures. Quantity discounts available.

Brand new. In original factory packaging. Made of a durable, plastic material accurately designed and colored to represent the major structures and, in certain instances, lesions or other abnormalities as described above. Includes sturdy and attractive display stand and detailed instructional card. Also available as CLEAR Ear Model, LFA #2551. Now Available! Child's Ear Model, LFA #2300. Ideal for counseling parents on Otitis Media as well as other common childhood ear infections.

+

$98.75

The Hand/Wrist LFA # 1920:

Wrist/Hand with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Full size solid cast of hand, wrist and forearm bones features: distal, middle and proximal phalanges, distal and proximal phalanges of the thumb, metacarpal bones, thenar muscle, palmar carpal ligament, median nerve, flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus tendons, triquetrum, pisiform, hamate, hook of hamate, palmaris longus tendon, interosseous membrane, radius and ulna

Ideal for clinical display and consumer education

.Model size: 11 1/2" x 3 3/4" x 1 1/4". Educational Card size: 6 1/4" x 8 1/4". Suitable for Orthopaedics, Chiropractic Medicine, general anatomical study, training for surgical dissection, sports medicine, or for patient education/demonstration of procedures. Quantity discount available.

Brand new. In original factory packaging. Made of a durable, plastic material accurately designed and colored to represent the major structures and, in certain instances, lesions or other abnormalities as described above. Includes sturdy and attractive display stand and detailed instructional card. We also offer the premium line of fully functional SSM branded orthopedic bone/joint models including Functional Knee, Shoulder, Hip, Hand/Wrist, Elbow, and Foot/Ankle. Most with full range of joint motion and detachable ligaments.

+

$156.00

Full size segmented brain features half normal side and 3 piece sectioned pathology half, as well as Circle of Willis with aneurysm. The brain, which sits inside a partial skull, features the following pathologies which are described in detail on the accompanying educational card: alcoholism, Alzheimer's, aneurysm, depression related tumor, seizure related tumor, migraine, multiple sclerosis, Parkingson's disease, stroke, and subdural hematoma.

Model size: 5" x 6 3/4" x 5"

.

Ideal for clinical display and consumer education

Suitable for neurology, general anatomical study, training for surgical dissection, general medicine, or for patient education/demonstration of procedures.

Quantity discounts available.

Brand new. In original factory packaging. Made of a durable, plastic material accurately designed and colored to represent the major structures and, in certain instances, lesions or other abnormalities as described above. Includes sturdy and attractive display stand and detailed instructional card.

+

$29.95

LFA #99780 Chart - Hip and Knee.

Completely updated! Main figure shows basic skeletal and ligament anatomy. Provides detail on the hip joint with lateral, anterior and posterior views. Shows bones and ligaments. Also illustrates movement of hip: adduction, abduction, extension & flexion. Shows various view of the knee – oblique, anterior (patella removed) and posterior. Show bones and ligaments – posterior view also includes popliteus muscle. Line drawing figure illustrates flexion and extension movement of the knee joint. Size is 20" W by 26" H.

All LFA Charts and Posters are designed to a) Provide just the right level of detail, b) At-a-glance format, c) Striking colorful images, d) Enlarged view of key organs or structures, e) Comprehensive and anatomically/medically accurate.Plastic laminate, 20" x 26" offers flexibility, durability and attractive appearance for medical professionals, patients, students and other specialists. Complete with metal eyelets at top cornors for hanging or portable stand display. "Write-on, wipe-off" surface is perfect for classrooms and professional offices.Shipped in mailing tube. Note: Many charts and posters also available in Spanish (-SP) to meet the needs of an expanding Spanish-language population and for improved communication.

+

$85.75

Full size two-piece normal model opens in half to show inner chambers and valves of the heart, as well as aortic arch, superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary and cardiac veins.

Model size: 3-3/4" x 4" x 4-1/4"

Educational Card size: 6-1/2" x 5-1/4"

Suitable for Internal Medicine, Cardiology, general anatomical study, training for surgical dissection, or for patient education/demonstration of procedures.

Quantity discounts available.

Ideal for clinical display and consumer education

.

Brand new. In original factory packaging. Made of a durable, plastic material accurately designed and colored to represent the major structures and, in certain instances, lesions or other abnormalities as described above. Includes sturdy and attractive display stand and detailed instructional card.

+

$84.95

The Human Eye LFA #2750:

Oversized normal model with cut-away to show inner anatomy, including optic nerve and disc, macula, retina, central retinal artery and vein. Lens and cornea are removable. Model size: 5 x 3 x 4. Edfucational Card.

Ideal for clinical display and consumer education

Suitable for Ophthalmology, Optician and general anatomical study, training for surgical dissection, sports medicine, or for patient education or demonstration of procedures. Quantity discounts available.

Brand new. In original factory packaging. Made of a durable, plastic material accurately designed and colored to represent the major structures and, in certain instances, lesions or other abnormalities as described above. Includes sturdy and attractive display stand and detailed instructional card.

+

$107.70

The Foot/Ankle LFA #1980: Foot/Ankle - Plantar Fasciitis.Full size solid cast of right ankle and foot bones features the plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament with plantar fasciitis. Foot/ankle anatomy also includes: tibia, fibula, calcaneus, calcaneal (Achilles) tendon, deltoid ligament, lateral (collateral) ligament, plantar aponeurosis, cuneiform, phalanges, cuboid, navicular, and metatarsal bones.

Ideal for clinical display and consumer education

Model size: 9" x 2 3/4" x 4". Educational Card size: 6 1/2" x 5 1/4". Suitable for Orthopaedics, Chiropractic Medicine, general anatomical study, podiatry, training for surgical dissection, sports medicine, or for patient education/demonstration of procedures. Quantity discount available.

Brand new. In original factory packaging. Made of a durable, plastic material accurately designed and colored to represent the major structures and, in certain instances, lesions or other abnormalities as described above. Includes sturdy and attractive display stand and detailed instructional card. We also offer the premium line of fully functional SSM branded orthopedic bone/joint models including Functional Knee, Shoulder, Hip, Hand/Wrist, Elbow, and Foot/Ankle. Most with full range of joint motion and detachable ligaments.

+

$89.95

Male/Female torso dissects into 13 parts: 2-part head, with removable half brain, 2 lungs, heart, liver, intestines, 2 part female genitalia, 2 part male genitalia, and torso on base. Size: 16 1/2" high.

+

$66.65

Oversized "Y" section of artery, with cut-away, showing gradual build-up of cholesterol deposits.

Model size: 6-1/4" x 2" x 4"

.

Ideal for clinical display and consumer education

Educational Card size: 6-1/2" x 5 -1/4"

Suitable for Cardio-Vascular, Cardiology and Internal Medicine, general anatomical study, training for surgical dissection, or for patient education or demonstration of procedures.

Quantity discounts available.

Brand new. In original factory packaging. Made of a durable, plastic material accurately designed and colored to represent the major structures and, in certain instances, lesions or other abnormalities as described above.

Includes sturdy and attractive display stand and detailed instructional card.

Quantity discounts available.

Note: New 4-Piece Clogged Artery Patient Education Set, LFA #2650, now available. We also have available the Heart, Lung, Hypertension Set System, the exclusive Angiogram Sam and Venous Sam for Cardiac Catheterization Training, and other central and peripheral cardiovascular models.

+

$1,995.00

LFA #2384 Mr. KnowBody Deluxe 16-Part Professional Teaching Torso Model 16 Detachable Parts with 23 dissected structures, 300 numbered anatomical features, with 16 detachable parts including head, eyeball, brain, left lung with rib, heart, liver, etc.Also available as Basic 10 part detachable torso. LFA #2383. Mounted on base. Size: 38" tall.

+

$695.00

LFA #5102 Angiogram Sam Plus (with Extended Carotids) with Radial Artery Anatomical Training Model (Not Shown)

This is one of several anatomically correct, three-dimensional "Angiogram Sam" Family Cardiovascular models currently available from Lake Forest Anatomicals for Medicine, Research and Education.

Ideal for use in Cardiac Catheterization, Angiography and Interventional Radiology technical training.

This model is:

"ANGIOGRAM SAM PLUS" with Extended Carotids - Clear plastic (cryo-acrylic) Angioplasty Training Model- LFA #5001. Complete with Stand for protective display or positioning.

All "ANGIOGRAM SAM" Family members represent the realistic cardiovascular anatomy of a healthy 5 ft 8 in adult male of 180 lb. The dimensions were computed after cadaver studies of over 100 specimens and angiographic data of over 1,000 patients. The I.D. of the aorta and coronaries represent healthy intima.

Designed for use in Cardiac Research, Cardiac Catheterization or EP Cath Lab Training, Clinical Education or Demonstration Models for Medical Device sales/marketing teams. Quantity discounts available.

We also offer custom design Glass models of the cardio-vascular system for medical or industrial research and education including precise replicas of the cranial arteries, coronary arteries (with or without constrictions), carotids, aneurysms, etc. for use in stent and intra-cardiac pressure studies.

Our unique in-stock Catheterization and Laboratory Models available in clear plastic include the entire "Angiogram Sam Family" -"Angiogram Sam", LFA #5000, "Angiogram Sam Plus", LFA #5001, "Carotid Charlie", LFA #5002", Pacemaker Pete", LFA #5005, "Venous Sam", LFA #5010, Femoral Fred", LFA #5015 and the unique bilateral Venous-Arterial "Super Sam", LFA #5020. Also, in Glass, the unique "Angiogram Sam- Pediatric", LFA #5017G. We also have unique IM CABG graft models available.

"All high quality Angiogram Sam" models are intended for education or to improve angioplasty related techniques including guiding catheters, guide wires, or balloon catheters. It also provides an unparalleled visual image and understanding for angiography or related invasive interventional procedures.

+

$141.25

Muscled Hip Joint Professional Anatomical Model LFA #1310:

Full size normal right Hip with femur portion includes: gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, iliacus, inferior and superior gemellus, obdurator internus, piriformis and psoas muscles, and articular capsule ligaments. Model size: 5" x 4-3/4" x 8-1/4". Education Card size: 5-1/4" x 6-1/2"

Ideal for clinical display and consumer education

+

$90.00

The Kidney LFA #3250: Two times normal life-size longitudinal section of right kidney and adrenal gland. Model highlights renal artery and vein, major and minor calyx, interlobular artery and vein, and ureter. Model size: 3-3/4" x 2-1/2" x 6-1/2". Educational Card.

Suitable for Nephrology, Urology, General Medical, anatomical study, training for surgical dissection, or for patient education/demonstration of procedures.

Ideal for clinical display and consumer education

Quantity discounts available.Brand new. In original factory packaging. Made of a durable, plastic material accurately designed and colored to represent the major structures and, in certain instances, lesions or other abnormalities as described above. Includes sturdy and attractive display stand and detailed instructional card.

+

$73.95

LFA #3330 Pancreas Gall Bladder Spleen Professional Anatomical ModelPancreas Gall Bladder Spleen Professional Anatomical Model LFA #3330: Full size model shows pancreatic cancer, gallbladder with stones, a ruptured spleen and duodenal ulcer. Model size: 7 3/4" x 2-1/2" x 5-3/4" Educational Card size: 6-1/2" x 5-1/4"Suitable for Hepatology, Gastroenterology, general medicine, anatomical study, training for surgical dissection, or for patient education/demonstration of procedures.

Ideal for clinical display and consumer education

Quantity discounts available.Brand new. In original factory packaging. Made of a durable, plastic material accurately designed and colored to represent the major structures and, in certain instances, lesions or other abnormalities as described above. Includes sturdy and attractive display stand and detailed instructional card. We also feature other Human Internal Organ and Organ Systems including the Heart, Lung, Liver, Kidney, Colon, Rectum, Brain, Half-Brain, Eye, Ear and the unique Multi-Organ Hypertension Model, LFA #4000.

+

$629.00

Item Details: "VENOUS SAM " is the realistic upper cardiovascular anatomy of a healthy 5 ft 8 in adult male of 180 lb. The dimensions were computed after cadaver studies of over 100 specimens and angiographic data of over 1,000 patients. Made of a durable, clear plastic material or glass, accurately designed to represent the major cardiovascular structures as described above.

The I.D.s of the upper/lower venous and coronary sinus represent healthy intimae. The coronary sinus lumens are internally strong to allow the practice of multiple devices. Normal and Intended Use: VENOUS SAM is designed to provide a level of challenge similar to that encountered in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, such as difficulty in turning the catheter, or maintaining position. After multiple attempts, VENOUS SAM is intended to improve invasive techniques including pacemaker leads, EP catheters, transeptal guide wires, and valvuloplasty balloon catheters. It also provides an unparalleled visual understanding and feeling for angiographic positioning for most interventional procedures. VENOUS SAM cannot replace the real experience but may improve final outcomes by allowing inexperienced practitioners a non-threatening practice venue, and by challenging experienced operator skills and their spatial understanding. Normal use implies that luminal catheters are inserted using wires with stiff guiding lumen catheters. Swan and femoral pacers can be introduced as normally prescribed. The coronary sinus is designed for all leads and EP catheters.

We also offer custom design Glass models of the cardio-vascular system for medical or industrial research and education including precise replicas of the cranial arteries, coronary arteries (with or without constrictions), carotids, aneurysms, etc. for use in stent and intra-cardiac pressure studies. Our unique in-stock Catheterization and Laboratory Models available in clear Plastic include the famous "Angiogram Sam Family" including "Angiogram Sam with Carrying Case", LFA #5000CC, "Angiogram Sam Plus", LFA #5001 with Extended Carotids, Pacemaker Pete", LFA #5005, "Venous Sam", LFA #5010. Also, in Glass, the unique "Angiogram Sam- Pediatric", LFA #5017G.

+

$169.30

LFA #4010 Diabetes Type II Organ Set: This Diabetes set consists of a Miniature Brain, Eye, Heart, Kidney, Artery, Pancreas, Neuron and Foot Models. Please refer to our Full Size Models for detailed descriptions. Education card illustrates effects associated with Type II diabetes : Stroke, Non-Inflammatory Disease of the Retina, Hypertensive Heart Disease, Hardening of the Kidney, Hardening of the Arteries, Insulin Resistance, Neuropathy and Foot Ulcerations. Models are approx. 50% Full Size stock models. Display stands 10" tall.

Ideal for Clinical display and consumer edication.

Quantity discounts available. Brand new. In original factory packaging. Made of a durable, plastic material accurately designed and colored to represent the major structures and, in certain instances, lesions or other abnormalities as described above. Includes sturdy and attractive display stand and detailed education card.

+

$499.95

LFA #2116 Brain Color-Coded 8 Part Model

A life-size model of the human brain and brain stem. The left side is colored to show the sensory and motor areas. The 12 cranial nerves roots are shown and numbered, together with some of the important arteries. Dissects into 8 parts. Supplied on a base with a key card.

Model size: 8" x 8" x 7"

Ideal for Neurology, General or Neurological Surgery, anatomical dissection training for medical students, science education, or for patient education/demonstration of procedures.

Brand new. In original factory packaging. Made of a durable, plastic material accurately designed and colored to represent the major structures and, in certain instances, lesions or other abnormalities as described above.

+